Abstract
Conversion of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides improves its pharmacological effects. This study managed to convert major ginsenosides into minor ginsenoside Rg3 and compound K (CK) by optimizing acidolysis conditions (pH, incubation temperatures and time) and evaluated the effects of the whey protein isolate (WPI)/Tween 80 ratio on the physicochemical properties of ginsenoside nanoemulsions. The optimal conditions for acidolysis are incubation at 110 °C for 3 h at a pH of 2.0, whereafter the yield of ginsenoside Rg3 and CK was 2.16 mg/g and 2.80 mg/g, respectively. For the ginsenoside nanoemulsions with 0.5% WPI as emulsifier, as Tween 80 increased from 0.1% to 0.5%, the mean droplet diameter gradually decreased from ∼740 nm to ∼310 nm. Accordingly, the encapsulation efficiency of Rg3 and CK increased by 8.36% and 9.03%, respectively, and the centrifugal stability constant increased by 49.82%. These results showed that nanoemulsion prepared with 0.5% WPI and 0.5% Tween 80 exhibited higher encapsulation efficiency and physicochemical stability. In addition, ginsenoside nanoemulsion prepared with 0.5% WPI and 0.5% Tween 80 showed great industrial applicability during freeze-thaw cycles, heat treatments and storage. Generally, the incorporation of Tween 80 as a co-emulsifier improved the encapsulation efficiency and physicochemical stability of WPI-stabilized ginsenoside nanoemulsions, which may improve its bioaccessibility, by stabilizing ginsenoside emulsions during further processing, such as during thermal pasteurization and microencapsulation.
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