Effect of welding parameters on properties of HDPE geomembrane extrusion welds

Abstract

The stress crack resistance (SCR) of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane extrusion welds is examined for a 1.5 mm HDPE geomembrane and three different welding parameter combinations (denoted as “Cool”, “Good”, and “Overheated”). Results are reported for unnotched welds, unnotched sheet, and notched sheet. The average SCR for a Good extrusion weld is 23% of that of the unnotched sheet SCR. Little variation is found between the three welding parameter combinations for low geometry irregularity SCR weld specimens. There is no statistically significant difference between a good-quality fusion and extrusion weld. However, operator-dependent weld induced geometric irregularity (WIGI) greatly affects the SCR of extrusion welds. Extrusion welds with high WIGI have an average unnotched SCR of only 9% of the unnotched sheet. Extrusion welds with an overground surface can have an unnotched SCR as little as 1% of the best extrusion weld. Deleterious weld bead geometries are identified to provide a framework with which engineers can identify “high-risk” extrusion welds with respect to stress cracking.