Abstract

 For generating different weather conditions during various phenological stages, experiments were conducted on two varieties of wheat (HD-2967 and HD-3086) sown on three different dates at the research farm of IARI, New Delhi during rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17. Soil temperature, soil moisture, leaf area index, biomass, chlorophyll content, radiation interceptions were measured during different crop growth stages. Number of days taken for each phenological stage was observed and thermal time for different phenological stages were calculated. Results showed that first sown crop had higher value of crop growth parameters and yield as compared to second and third sown crop.HD-3086 had higher value of LAI, biomass and yield than HD-2967. Grain yield had significant positive correlation with growing degree days during grain filling stage. Soil temperature measured at 2.21 PMat 5, 10, 15, 20 cm depth had 1-5°C lower value than the air temperature. Soil moisture measured at 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm depths had slightly higher soil moisture for HD-3086 as compared to corresponding value in HD-2967 during emergence, flowering and grain filling stages. Percentage relative water content in HD-2967 was found to be higher in first sown crop followed by second and third sown crop. However, in HD-3086, percentage relative water content was found to be higher in first sown crop followed by third and second sown crop. Grain yield had significant positive correlation with relative water content during different phenological stages. HD-3086hadhigherradiation use efficiency as compared to HD-2967 in all weather conditions.
Highlights
Temperature and radiation are among the main environmental factors affecting the growth and development of wheat (Bal et al, 2018)
Wheat production has been adapting to climate change through shifts of sowing dates, cultivars and agronomic management practices (Jalota et al, 2013; Tao et al, 2015; Pramod et al, 2017).The growth of winter wheat is generally threatened by high temperature during post-heading stages which are the warmest periods during the growing season of this crop (Bapuji Rao et al, 2015)
Crop growth took lesser time under late sowing due to higher mean temperature during different phenophases compared to early sown crops
Summary
Temperature and radiation are among the main environmental factors affecting the growth and development of wheat (Bal et al, 2018). It influences the crop phenology and yield of crop. Among all commerciallygrown crops in India, it occupies largest land area, i.e., more than 240 million ha and it ranks highest in terms of production In this 21th century, a major concern to humankind is the Global Warming. Because of the high sensitivity of crop growth to temperature, global warming has already led to critical threats for winter wheat production throughout the world (Asseng et al, 2015). Quantification of actual impacts of unfavorable and extreme temperature conditions on crop growth under field conditions is confronted with uncertainties because farmers will undoubtedly adjust their crop varieties and
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