Effect of water-table management and nitrogen supply on yield, plant growth and water use of corn in undisturbed soil columns

Abstract

The effect of three water-table depths (30, 60 and 80 cm below the soil surface) and four N rates (0, 45, 90 and 135 kg ha−1) on plant growth, yield and water use were evaluated for corn (Zea mays L.). Research was conducted in a greenhouse, using 36 undisturbed foil columns (20 cm i.d. and 90 cm length) collected with a Meta-Drill vibrating core sampler from a Fox sandy loam soil at Harrow Research Centre. Corn grown in the 80-cm water-table depth had the greatest degree of water stress, as indicated by low volumetric soil water content, low stomatal conductance and transpiration rates, and elevated soil-surface and leaf-surface temperatures. There was a substantial increase in plant dry weight and grain yields as the N rates increased from 0 to 135 kg ha−1 with the 30- and 60-cm water-table depths. Under our experimental conditions, maximum grain yields were obtained with a 60-cm water-table depth. Grain yields were significantly reduced with the 80-cm water-table depth. With this water-table depth, grain yield was also reduced by N addition. Key words: Water-table management, Zea mays, yield, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature