Abstract
Permeability and consolidation of soil are known as the most variable soil properties. The values of permeability and consolidation of soil may vary with depth even in case of homogeneous soil layers, and because of that, the determination of appropriate values of permeability and consolidation is a complex and complicated engineering task. In this study, horizontal and vertical permeability apparatus and a 3D (three-dimensional) consolidation apparatus are developed to determine the effects of vertical pressure on horizontal and vertical permeability and the effects of vertical surcharge pressures on three-dimensional consolidation of soil. A series of horizontal and vertical permeability tests of soil under different vertical pressures and a series of 3D consolidation tests under different surcharge pressures are performed. From the study, it is observed that the horizontal and vertical permeability of soil changes with the changes in vertical pressures, and 3D consolidation of soil also changes with the changes in surcharge pressures. The horizontal and vertical permeability values obtained from the newly developed horizontal and vertical permeability apparatus are used in Terzaghi’s one-dimensional consolidation theory to find out the consolidation characteristics of the soil, and it is compared with the results obtained from the newly developed 3D consolidation apparatus.
Highlights
Aim and Scope of the StudyNew horizontal and vertical permeability apparatus are developed and shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively
Horizontal and vertical permeability tests, conventional one-dimensional consolidation tests, and three-dimensional consolidation tests are conducted on these soil samples, which are remolded at their maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC)
Horizontal permeability tests on silty sand with clay soil and silty-clay soils are performed under di erent vertical stresses. e horizontal permeability tests are performed by using the developed horizontal permeability apparatus as shown in Figure 1. e falling head method is used in these tests to measure the horizontal coe cient of permeability
Summary
New horizontal and vertical permeability apparatus are developed and shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. A three-dimensional consolidation apparatus (Figure 3) is presented in this study to determine the effect of surcharge pressures on three-dimensional consolidation of soil. E study aims to find out the horizontal and vertical permeability of soil under different vertical pressures and 3D consolidation of soil under different surcharge pressures. The permeability values of soil obtained from the developed laboratory apparatus are used in Terzaghi’s one-dimensional consolidation theory to find out the consolidation characteristics of soil, and it is compared with the 3D consolidation results obtained from the developed 3D consolidation apparatus
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