Abstract
Formaldehyde-based adhesives are used in the forestry industry. This is because formaldehyde is inexpensive, easy to use and resistant to moisture; it also has particular mechanical effects. Formaldehyde has both advantages and disadvantages. It is known that various diseases such as lung cancer occur in humans as a result of the release of formaldehyde into the air during and after board production. In this study, a urea formaldehyde glue mixture was prepared by using four different fillers (extract of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and elm (Ulmus glabra) bark, extract of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) husk and acorn tannins) at two different ratios. The bonding shear strength of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea orientalis) plywood produced with urea formaldehyde adhesive was tested according to EN 314-1 standard. All plywood, except the plywood with acorn tannin, met the requirements of the standard. A formaldehyde emission test of the plywood was carried out in accordance with EN 713-3 standard. With this approach, it is possible to quickly determine formaldehyde emissions. Experimental results were obtained for subsequent measurements, including chamber tests. It was observed that the elm bark extract reduced the formaldehyde emission of pine plywood by 40 %, while other fillers reduced it by 3-37 %.
Highlights
IntroductionWood-based composite panels such as plywood, particleboard and fibreboard are among the most widely used materials in the whole world (Aydın et al, 2010)
To be used as a filler in producing plywood, maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark, elm (Ulmus glabra) bark and hazelnut (Corylus avellana) husk were obtained from Trabzon in northern Turkey
The highest yield was obtained from the hazelnut husk, while the lowest yield was obtained from the elm bark
Summary
Wood-based composite panels such as plywood, particleboard and fibreboard are among the most widely used materials in the whole world (Aydın et al, 2010). These materials are used widely for construction, decoration and furnishing of homes, offices, schools, as well as other non-industrial workplaces, and many of these materials have high formaldehyde emissions (FE) due to the use of such things as solvent-borne paints and adhesives (Böhm et al, 2012). The use of urea-formaldehyde adhesive, as the main adhesive used by the forest industry, is due to its excellent adhesion to lignocellulosic materials, excellent intrinsic cohesion, ease of handling and application, lack of colour in the finished product and low cost. Lack of resistance to weather and water and its susceptibility to emission of formaldehyde vapours are two main disadvantages of UF adhesive (Aydin et al, 2006)
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