Effect of Ultrafine Powderization and Solid Dispersion Formation via Hot-Melt Extrusion on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and the Human Kv1.3 Channel Inhibitory Activities of Angelica gigas Nakai.

Yunyao Jiang,Weicheng Hu,Jingpei Piao,Jincai Hou,Nan Liu,Jianxun Liu

doi:10.1155/2020/7846176

Abstract

Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) was first processed by ultrafine grinding technology and hot-melt extrusion (HME). The potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of AGN with a different process were compared, and the effect on the human Kv1.3 potassium channel was detected. The process of ultrafine powderization on AGN significantly increased the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and DNA damage protective effect. On the contrary, AGN solid dispersion (AGN-SD) based on Soluplus® showed the highest inhibitory effect on NO production and the human Kv1.3 channel. In addition, AGN-SD inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 and intracellular reactive oxygen species and the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6. Taken together, these results suggest that ultrafine powderization and solid dispersion formation via HME can significantly improve the biological activities of AGN. The results also suggested that ultrafine powderization and HME may be developed and applied in the pharmaceutical industry.

Highlights

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically oxygencontaining molecules
water extract of ultrafine powder (WEU) contained the highest concentration of flavonoids (6.77 mg quercetin equivalents/g), which was followed by water extract of coarse powder (WEC) (5.55 mg quercetin equivalents/g), water extract of HME powder (WEH) (5.37 mg quercetin equivalents/g), and water extract of AGN-SD (WES) (4.74 mg quercetin equivalents/g)
WEU contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, which was followed by WEC, WEH, and WES. e particle size of the ultrafine powder was significantly smaller than that of the coarse powder. e results suggested that reduction in particle size by ultrafine grinding technology could increase the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the water extract of AGN

Summary

Introduction

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically oxygencontaining molecules. ROS form as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. e ROS levels could be increased due to environmental pollutants, radiation, chemicals, toxins, food habits, and physical stress. E ROS levels could be increased due to environmental pollutants, radiation, chemicals, toxins, food habits, and physical stress. ROS form as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. Under these conditions, due to the imbalance between the antioxidants and ROS, the significantly higher level of free radical synthesis will occur. Synthesis of an excess amount of free radicals causes several chronic and degenerative diseases such as aging, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, inflammation, stroke, diabetes mellitus, cancer, asthma, arthritis, and other age-related diseases. Inflammation is a complex biological process and associated with many chronic human diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular arthritis, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases [3]. Macrophages play a key role in the process of inflammation on account of their functions in innate immunity and adaptive immunity

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion