Effect of treatment time on development of gypsum carbonated apatite biphasic granules at different salt solution concentration

Abstract

Abstract Sintering is the common method for heat treatment of bio ceramic implant. However this procedure is reported not appropriate for fabrication carbonated apatite due to carbonate ions are easily decomposed at above 600°C A carbonated apatite (CO3AP) ceramics was discovered to have a closer chemical composition which is similar to the bone mineral. These materials have high potential to be a good artificial bone substitute due good resorption and bioactivity properties. This study was to evaluate the effect of treatment time on phase transformation of gypsum-carbonated apatite biphasic granules which was prepared with salt solution at different concentration. Gypsum or also known as calcium sulphate dehydrate (CSD) granules were immersed into two different concentration of carbonated and phosphate mixture salt solution which is 0.5 molar and 2.0 molar respectively and undergo hydrothermal reaction at 50 °C at different treatment times. Characterization of the biphasic granules obtained were determined by multiple analytical methods such X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR), and CHN analysis. The experiment result has shown that the treated CSD was successfully transformed into carbonated apatite layer to form biphasic granules. The content of carbonated (CO32-) ion in biphasic granules prepared using salt solution at high concentration is higher than at low concentration. Thickness of carbonated apatite layer and the content of carbonated (CO32-) in biphasic granules were indicated to increase slowly by increasing hydrothermal heating time. Briefly, the concentration of salt solution and treatment time could influence the development of transformation phase of gypsum into gypsum-carbonated apatite biphasic granule.