Effect of titanium tetrafluoride/sodium fluoride solutions containing chitosan at different viscosities on the protection of enamel erosion in vitro

Abstract

ObjectiveThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the protective effect against enamel erosion of experimental solutions containing TiF4/NaF and Chitosan compared to a commercial SnCl2/NaF/AmF solution. DesignBovine enamel samples were divided (n = 15/group) into: (1) commercial solution SnCl2/NaF/AmF (500 ppm F−, positive control); (2) NaF/TiF4 (490 ppm F−); (3) similar to 2 plus 0.5 % chitosan (Ch) (500 mPas), (4) similar to 2 plus 0.5 % chitosan (2000 mPas), (5) negative control (water), (6) 0.5 % chitosan (500 mPas) and (7) 0.5 % chitosan (2000 mPas). The samples were submitted to a pH cycling (0.1 % citric acid, 4 × 90 s/day, interposed by artificial saliva) and daily treatment application (after the last erosive challenge, 1 × 30 s/day) for seven days. After the first day, the surface reflection intensity changes (% rSRI) were measured. After 7 days, the erosive enamel loss was quantified by contact profilometer. The % rSRI and the enamel loss (μm) were compared using ANOVA/Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, respectively (p < 0.05). ResultsThe solution containing TiF4/NaF plus Ch 500 mPas was the only able to reduce the early erosive demineralization compared to negative control (p = 0.003). However, it did not differ from the other solutions. Enamel samples treated with SnCl2/NaF/AmF presented the lowest median loss value [0.72 (0.18) μm] followed by both TiF4 + Ch [1.24 (0.49) and 1.28 (0.25)]; which significantly differed from the negative control [1.70 (0.27)]. ConclusionThe experimental solution containing TiF4/NaF plus chitosan (2000 mPas) has comparable effect to SnCl2/NaF/AmF on the protection against enamel erosion.