Abstract
Abstract The effect of titanium and nitrogen addition on Hadfield steels was investigated. In order to do this, two grades of steels were produced in terms of titanium and nitrogen addition. The final samples had their microstructure characterized and their mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tensile and Charpy impact tests. Furthermore, the wear resistance was measured by dry sand rubber wheel abrasive tests. Microscopy analyses demonstrated that the precipitation of titanium carbonitrides resulted in a coarse microstructure, with large columnar grains coexisting with equiaxed ones. Consequently, these samples presented lower mechanical properties in comparison with the samples without titanium and nitrogen, which showed a finer microstructure. On the other hand, the presence of hard Ti(C, N) precipitates in the microstructure improved the abrasive wear performance of the steel during the abrasive tests.
Highlights
It is estimated that the mining industry represents 6.2% of the global energy consumption in the world, being 40% of this consumed energy used to overcome friction
The equivalent of 20% of the energy consumed in the mining industry is used to remanufacture and replace worn out parts and equipment due to wear failures (Holmberg et al, 2017)
Hadfield Steels are used as a protection against wear in crushing equipment, due to their combination of high impact resistance and elevated strain hardening capacity
Summary
It is estimated that the mining industry represents 6.2% of the global energy consumption in the world, being 40% of this consumed energy used to overcome friction. With the development of technologies to promote friction reduction and wear protection, losses regarding this subject can be dramatically reduced. The equivalent of 20% of the energy consumed in the mining industry is used to remanufacture and replace worn out parts and equipment due to wear failures (Holmberg et al, 2017). Hadfield Steels are used as a protection against wear in crushing equipment, due to their combination of high impact resistance and elevated strain hardening capacity. The strain hardening leads to an increase of hardness of the material surface, and the development of its known wear resistance (Subramanyam et al, 1990)
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