Effect of thermal radiation and MHD on hybrid Ag–TiO2/H2O nanofluid past a permeable porous medium with heat generation

Abstract

The major objective of this study is to identify the behaviour of flow and heat transfer on mixed convection with the appearance of hybrid nanofluid in a porous medium, heat generation, suction/injection, thermal radiation and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Two distinct fluids of Ag (silver) and TiO2 (titanium dioxide) are used in this model to represent the hybrid condition and a model of non-linear ODEs is obtained by conducting a technique of similarity transformation. The findings and solutions are gained with the aid of the shooting method in Maple and the bvp4c solver in Matlab. The outcomes of dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles are exemplified quantitively through respective figures with performing parameters such as suction, mixed convection, thermal radiation and volume fraction of nanoparticle. Through our comparison analysis, the application of added hybrid nanoparticles revealed a better performance of thermal transmittance compared to the traditional mono-nanoparticle. We also identified two different branches of solutions in the occurrence of λ < 0 (opposing flow). In addition, a stability analysis was conducted throughout this research due to the existence of two levels of solutions, and the first branch is perceived to be the most solid and recognizable solution.