Abstract
The motion of water conveying copper and aluminum nanoparticles on a heated moving sheet when thermal radiation and stretching/shrinking surface is significant and is investigated in this study to announce the increasing effects of volume fractions, thermal radiation, and moving parameters on this transport phenomenon. Furthermore, the flow of a Cu − Al 2 O 3 /water hybrid nanofluid across a heated moving sheet has been studied in both cross and streamwise directions. Thermal radiation effect is also considered, as this effect along with cross flow has not yet been investigated for the hybrid nanofluid in the published literature. Two distinct types of nanoparticles, namely, Al 2 O 3 (alumina) and Cu (copper), have been used to prepare hybrid nanofluid where water is considered as a base fluid. The system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) has been transferred to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by compatible transformations before solving them by employing the III-stage Lobatto-IIIa method in bvp4c solver in MATLAB 2017 software. Temporal stability analysis has been carried out in order to verify stable branch between two branches by obtaining the smallest eigenvalue values. The branches obtained are addressed in depth against every applied parameter using figures and tables. The results show that there are three ranges of branches, no solution exists when λ > λ c , dual branches exist when 0.23 ≤ λ ≤ λ c , and a single solution exists when λ > 0.23 . Moreover, thermal layer thickness declines initially and then enhances in the upper and lower solutions for the higher values of the thermal radiation parameter.
Highlights
Numerous physical geometries cope with complicated phenomena depending on the industrial requirement, the near-surface flow is still an important aspect of aerodynamics and engineering
In aerodynamics, when the fluid moves on the sheet, the boundary layer which appears from the deformation of streamlines varies from the free flow based on the slope of pressure which is normal to the free flow direction
Cross flow is known as a secondary flow which happens when a component of velocity of the layer is perpendicular to the path of free stream
Summary
Numerical Analysis of Cu + Al2O3/H2O Hybrid Nanofluid of Streamwise and Cross Flow with Thermal Radiation Effect: Duality and Stability. E motion of water conveying copper and aluminum nanoparticles on a heated moving sheet when thermal radiation and stretching/shrinking surface is significant and is investigated in this study to announce the increasing effects of volume fractions, thermal radiation, and moving parameters on this transport phenomenon. The flow of a Cu − Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid across a heated moving sheet has been studied in both cross and streamwise directions. Ermal radiation effect is considered, as this effect along with cross flow has not yet been investigated for the hybrid nanofluid in the published literature. Two distinct types of nanoparticles, namely, Al2O3 (alumina) and Cu (copper), have been used to prepare hybrid nanofluid where water is considered as a base fluid. Thermal layer thickness declines initially and enhances in the upper and lower solutions for the higher values of the thermal radiation parameter
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