Effect of the soil tillage and N-fertilization on the weediness of maize

Abstract

Introduction The valuation of cultivation systems and comparison takes important place in the research of plant production. The soil cultivation influences basically the soil as natural source of energy, the productivity of agriculture and the economic of production. (Kismanyoky et al. 1997, Birkas et al. 1999, Toth 2003). The methods and tools of soil cultivation dispose to weed control effect, as follows the ploughing, disc tillaging, harrowing, cultivating. Aspect from the weed control, the stubble stripping is the most important crop establishment work. Which aim is to eliminate the weeds on the stubble and the seeds in the soil, and to constrain to sprout the weed seeds (Ujvarosi 1973). In the last decades in the agrotechnical changing and the increasing of fertilizers usage was very important and the amount of fertilizers multiplied. After that yield increased, the fertilizer multiplication influenced the composition of weed population. The level of manuring probably has an effect on the combination of weeds, because of the different competitive capacity of weeds and they reactions. The professional manuring produce results powerful crop plant cover and less weediness (Kadar et al. 1999). There are essential differences in the cover of weeds and in the number of the weed species depending on the fertilization system employed (Lehoczky Kismanyoky 2005). Nitrogen fertilization often cannot increase the competitive ability of crops to weeds. It may even reduce it depending on the weed species (Lehoczky 2003). Fertilizer application cause a greater increase in the phosphorus uptake of weeds than that of maize, as weeds utilized fertilizer phosphorus more efficiently than maize (Lehoczky et al. 2006). On the cultivated fields the influence of weeds shows wide diversity. The common of weeds, control a many factor, which in seems the most important influential factor the agrotechnical as anthropogenic element. In the last decades, the disc tillage and the no-till drill cultivation methods have come to the forefront. In Hungary, the opinion about direct drilling is differing. It is fact, that the weediness is one of the derogatory factors of the direct drilling (Birkas et al. 1999). The aim our study was to investigate the effect of the cultivation methods to the weediness and the number of weeds. The experimental investigate was made in maize on 5 of June 2006. The effect of the different cultivation methods demonstrated markedly the weed cover on the plots and the number of weed species.