Abstract
This research presents the results of 14 tests, where the pile is subjected to static lateral loads. The tests are carried out on pile models with different length / diameter ratios embedded in sand with different relative densities. The influence of embedment length to diameter ratios (L/D), relative density and mode of failure of the pile on the ultimate lateral resistance of piles are investigated. A series of different ratios of embedded length to constant diameter ranging from 12 to 30 was used to perform this study. From the results of the experimental models, it is found that, the length to diameter ratio is a significant variable that influences the ultimate resistance of the piles, where lateral static loads were employed to the single pile by a static lateral load using a device designed for this purpose, and due to the static lateral load the pile was deflected. The ultimate lateral resistance of a pile is investigated to specify the behavior of the pile under the effect of lateral loads as a rigid or flexible pile.
Highlights
The piles are defined as a structural member used to carry an applied load from the superstructure to a deep strong layer as well as to reinforce the soil
The loading procedure is performed by applying the total load in 10 steps up to 200 percent of the design load calculated by the equation of Poulos and Davis (1980), where the loads is applied in increments of 25% of the working load until reaching the ultimate lateral load (i.e., 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, 100 percent 125 percent, 150 percent, 170 percent, 180 percent 190 percent, and 200 percent)
The following conclusions can be drawn from the study: 1. The ultimate lateral resistance is affected by the density of sand, where it is increased by increasing the density
Summary
The piles are defined as a structural member used to carry an applied load from the superstructure to a deep strong layer as well as to reinforce the soil. The passive resistance to yielding provided by the soil below the yield point can be considered infinite and rotation of the pile cannot occur, where the lower part remains vertical while the upper part deforms to a shape shown in Figure 1b in which failure takes place when the pile yields at the point of the maximum bending moment, and for the purpose of analysis, a plastic hinge that is able of carrying shear is assumed to develop at this point. Binu Sharma (2011) studied a method to determine whether a pile behaves as rigid or as flexible, where he suggested a procedure to specify the flexible pile by studying the change of ultimate lateral load with the length/diameter ratio of the piles as shown in Figure 2.6 [3]. This analysis is based on the limit analysis theory proposed according to [4]
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