Abstract
BackgroundContradictory data on consequences of prolonged high-fat diet requires a detailed study of the influence of nutritional high-fat load mechanisms on the peculiarity of lipid metabolism in blood and liver. The present study was undertaken to investigate the fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipids of the blood plasma, erythrocytes and liver in Wistar rats under the conditions of a prolonged high-fat diet.MethodsThe study was conducted on 60 adult white male Wistar rats. The animals were fed on a high-fat diet consisted of the beef fat and cholesterol (19% and 2% of the total diet, respectively) up to 180 days. The fatty acid composition of the polar and neutral lipids of plasma, erythrocytes and liver were analyzed by the gas chromatography. Statistical data processing was performed by the methods of descriptive statistics with Statistica 6.0.ResultsThe prolonged unbalanced diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids resulted in compensatory biosynthesis of the fatty acids in the rat’s liver, the inhibition of synthesis of apoproteins and lipoproteins, disruption of the active transport of fatty acids to tissue cells. This launched the accumulation of 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 in the liver and blood plasma and deficiency of 18:2n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the erythrocytes.ConclusionsAdaptive adjustment of lipid metabolism un0064er conditions of the high-fat diet induced inhibition of the formation of lipoproteins (VLDL cholesterol) in the liver, compensatory synthesis of 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3, and 20:3n-6 with primary esterification of PUFA n-3 series to neutral lipids.
Highlights
Contradictory data on consequences of prolonged high-fat diet requires a detailed study of the influence of nutritional high-fat load mechanisms on the peculiarity of lipid metabolism in blood and liver
The results of the experimental and clinical observations have contributed to clarification of the role of fatty acids varying in the degree of saturation in the development of many diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and steatohepatitis [4,5]
The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes was used as a diagnostic criterion for assessment of different diseases [14,15], the red blood cells were taken as a universal model for the study of pathological reactions
Summary
Contradictory data on consequences of prolonged high-fat diet requires a detailed study of the influence of nutritional high-fat load mechanisms on the peculiarity of lipid metabolism in blood and liver. At an excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids and simultaneous insufficient exogenous inflow of physiologically important essential fatty acids, the organism launches the particular mechanisms to activate the endogenous synthesis of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This mechanism is mediated through the activation of the Δ9 desaturase, Δ6 desaturase and Δ5 desaturase and elongases. We may assume that in response to the highfat diet in the liver two opposing (by its physiological role) processes are implemented: the accumulation of the dietary exogenous saturated lipids and the endogenous synthesis of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes was used as a diagnostic criterion for assessment of different diseases [14,15], the red blood cells were taken as a universal model for the study of pathological reactions
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