Effect of the cream cooling temperature and acidification method on the crystallization and textural properties of butter

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In this study, techno-functional properties of butter were evaluated by modifying the crystallization and acidification properties of cream. For this purpose, the cream obtained from raw milk was allowed to physically ripen at 6 and 8 °C for different periods (10 and 15 h), after which butter was manufactured by using different acidification methods via addition of lactic acid permeate and natural butter culture. It was observed that cream cooling/crystallization temperature and time, as well as acidification method, affected the physicochemical and technological properties of butter but had no significant impact on sensory properties. In butter samples, palmitic acid, stearic acid and myristic acid were the predominant saturated fatty acids, whereas oleic acid content was the highest among the unsaturated fatty acids. The textural properties and hardness values of control butter manufactured by conventional method were higher. Consequently, it could be concluded that amount of diacetyl, one of the characteristic components of butter, in the cream ripened at 6 °C, and the addition of butter starter culture was higher and the hardness values of the butter manufactured from the cream matured for 15 h was lower in comparison to other samples.