Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore the effects and underlying biological mechanisms of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs).Materials and methodsReal‐time cell analysis (RTCA) and CCK8 were used to screen the best concentration of TDN for PDLSCs. Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were assessed after PDLSCs were treated with TDN. Data were analysed using one‐way ANOVA.ResultsTetrahedral DNA nanostructures could play a crucial role in accelerating the proliferation of PDLSCs and had the strongest promotive effect on PDLSCs at a concentration of 250 nmol/L. Simultaneously, the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs could be promoted significantly by TDNs and the finding displayed that the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway might be the underlying biological mechanisms of TDNs on promoting the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.ConclusionTetrahedral DNA nanostructure treatment facilitated the proliferation of PDLSCs, significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation by regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. Therefore, TDNs could be a novel nanomaterial with great potential for application to PDLSC‐based bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
As a relatively common disease, bone defects can be caused by a multitude of factors, which are mainly divided into two types: congenital factors such as cheilopalatognathus, nasofacial defect and congenital ear injury and acquired factors such as trauma, tumour, injection and surgical debridement of osteomyelitis
The results showed the same tendency as the qualitative analysis, which manifested that tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) had a positive effect on the osteogenic‐ specific gene expression in Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs)
A variety of surgical bone augmentation techniques, such as distraction osteogenesis and autogenous bone graft, have been skilfully and routinely applied to the reconstruction of bone defects, surgeons increasingly prefer bone tissue engineering due to the large trauma and high technical sensitivity required for surgical techniques
Summary
As a relatively common disease, bone defects can be caused by a multitude of factors, which are mainly divided into two types: congenital factors such as cheilopalatognathus, nasofacial defect and congenital ear injury and acquired factors such as trauma, tumour, injection and surgical debridement of osteomyelitis. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), a type of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the periodontal ligament, have attracted widespread attention, especially in the field of bone regeneration. Because of the merits of excellent biocompatibility, high stability, low toxicity, fast degradation and direct cellular uptake through endocytosis without carriers, TDNs have been applied to tissue engineering in order to modulate the biological behaviours of stem cells, including proliferation, migration and differentiation.[25-31]. PDLSCs were exposed to TDNs, with the purpose of systematically exploring the role of TDNs in the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. The results indicated that TDNs had a tremendous potential for application in PDLSC‐based bone regeneration
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