Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is increasingly considered as a promising method to deal with animal manure. Inevitably, using this method for treatment of animal manure led to large amount of hydrothermal liquid. However, the effect of temperature on the characteristics of liquid product that derived from hydrothermal carbonization of animal manure was still incompletely clear. In this study, three types of animal (chicken, dairy, and swine) manures were selected for hydrothermal carbonization at three different temperatures (200, 250, and 300 °C), and the liquid was collected for further analysis, aiming to investigate the effect of temperature on the liquid properties and its potential function as a soil-leaching agent. Results show that high temperature led to high pH, volatile phenol, organic-N and Cr3+ concentration of liquid, but low chroma, COD, inorganic-N and Cr6+ concentration of liquid. Moreover, the manure types, temperature, and their interaction significantly (P<0.001) influenced the selected liquid properties except for BOD based on the two-way analysis of variance, indicating the liquid properties depended on the manure types and temperature. In addition, the extraction of Cu from contaminated soil using the liquid (hydrothermal carbonization of dairy manure, swine manure, and chicken manure at 200 °C) increased by 125%, 178%, and 424%, respectively, compared to distilled water, indicating that liquid can be applied as a promising soil-leaching agent for heavy metal remediation.
Published Version
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