Abstract
The production of biodiesel using zeolite catalysts from geothermal solid waste has been studied. This study aims to make zeolite catalysts as catalysts in biodiesel production, assessing the effect of catalyst concentration, and temperature in the esterification–transesterification process on the biodiesel yield produced. The results showed that the synthesized zeolite catalyst was an analcime zeolite catalyst (Al1.9Na1.86O12Si4). The biodiesel yield of 98.299% with 100% fatty acid alkyl ester (FAAE) content was achieved at a catalyst concentration of 5%wt and a reaction temperature of 300 °C for one-hour reaction time. The yield of biodiesel decreased with repeated catalysts, which experienced morphological changes before and after three usage times. Consequently, in this case, the catalyst cannot be regenerated.
Highlights
Indonesia‘s government regulation number 79/2014, concerning the National Energy Policy [1], explains that the cumulatively need for oil, coal, gas, and new renewable energy will increase almost five times between 2015 and 2050
One of the most common types of biofuels, as a substitute for diesel, is biodiesel, which can be synthesized from vegetable oil using the cracking method
The results show semiconductor/modernite to be the best performance
Summary
Indonesia‘s government regulation number 79/2014, concerning the National Energy Policy [1], explains that the cumulatively need for oil, coal, gas, and new renewable energy will increase almost five times between 2015 and 2050. It is expected that the need for bioenergy will increase (by up to 14% of the primary energy mix); fossil energy, such as petroleum, will still be the dominant energy source [1]. Petroleum-based fuels have adverse impacts on the environment and public health, resulting in an increase in CO2 emissions, the greenhouse effect, and global warming [2]. It is necessary to develop environmentally friendly fuels, one of which is biofuels. Biodiesel has advantages over fuel oil, including (1) it can be used directly without engine modification; (2) the dissolved oxygen content can increase engine combustion efficiency; (3) less emission of CO, sulfur, and NO; and (4) it is environmentally friendly [3,4,5]. Based on a prospective analysis, diesel fuel is one of the fuels that has Processes 2020, 8, 1629; doi:10.3390/pr8121629 www.mdpi.com/journal/processes
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