Abstract
Back ground: P.mirabilis is a gram negative bacterium, motile with its peritrichous flagella .Widely distributed in environment, especially in contaminated water and soil, Many virulence factors like LPS, urease, protease, hemolysin and biofilm formation play an important roles in the pathogenicity of P. mirabilis. Urease is a Nickel containing enzyme causes elevation of urine pH after hydrolyzing urea to ammonia and CO2 forming stones that blocks the urinary track.
 Aims: The effect of tannic acid on the production of urease and protease. 
 Material and methods: Twenty one isolates of Proteus were collected from different sources, Clinical and animal sources all isolates were cultured on MacConkey and blood agar and identification of P. mirabilis by, Vitek -2 compact system. Determine the effect of tannic acid on the production of urease and protease. 
 Results: Twenty one isolates of Proteus were identified depending on Vitek-2 compact system, after identification, it turns out that only 18 isolate were P. mirabilis. All isolates were 100% able to produce urease and 72.2% isolate were able to produce protease. The addition of tannic acid showed an inhibitory effect on urease and protease production.
 Conclusion: The effect of tannic acid on urease and protease depending on concentration, type of strain, incubation period, number of isolates and truculence of isolate.
Highlights
The term “Proteus” was used for the first time by Hauser and its refers to the ability to changing in form, after isolating Proteus from the putrefied meet and depending on the liquefy of gelatin, Hauser classify Proteus bacteria to three species mirabilis, vulgaris and zenkeri (1)
P. mirabilis produce protease enzyme with 50- kilodalton, protease cleaves immunoglobulin A1,A2, and G, the cleavage of IgA1,2 occurs outside the hinge region, while cleaving of IgG occurs in the hinge region (9)
Urease and Protease production test The ability of urease production by P. mirabilis was investigated as mentioned in (13), while for protease production, a bacterial suspension for each isolate with a concentration of (1.5x108) cell per ml was prepared by inoculation of bacterial colonies into the normal saline, 200 μl of the suspension were carried to the wells that already done by using( 8 mm) cork borer in the skim milk agar, the media was incubated at 37oC for 24 hours and the diameter of hydrolysis zones were calculated (14).modified
Summary
The term “Proteus” was used for the first time by Hauser and its refers to the ability to changing in form, after isolating Proteus from the putrefied meet and depending on the liquefy of gelatin, Hauser classify Proteus bacteria to three species mirabilis, vulgaris and zenkeri (1). Proteus classified according to biochemical test to five species mirabilis, vulgaris, penneri, hauseri and myxofaciens (2). Many virulence factors like LPS, urease, protease, hemolysin and biofilm formation play an important roles in the pathogenicity of P. mirabilis (7). Many substances inhibit the production of urease and protease enzymes produced P. mirabilis, like Curcumin (10), NAC (8), Ammonium salts (11), and leaves of Coccinia grandis (12). This study aimed to detect the effect of tannic acid on urease and protease production by Proteus mirabilis
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