Effect of Systemic Administration of Amitriptyline on Oral Microbes in Rats.

Abstract

Amitriptyline is a major tricyclic antidepressant that is also used to relieve chronic orofacial pain. Recently, alterations in gut flora due to various antidepressants have been demonstrated. However, it remains unknown how antidepressants affect the oral environment, including microbiota and innate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of amitriptyline on oral microflora and antimicrobial peptides. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with amitriptyline for 2 weeks. The DNA extracted from the oral swabs were used to perform 16SrRNA sequencing to evaluate the oral microbiome. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides in the buccal tissues. No significant differences in salivary flow rates were observed between the amitriptyline and control groups. Taxonomic analysis showed significant alterations in bacteria such as Corynebacterium, Rothia, and Porphyromonas due to amitriptyline administration. The beta diversity showed significant differences between the amitriptyline and control groups. Additionally, the predicted metagenome functions were significantly different between the two groups. The mRNA expression levels of antimicrobial peptides in the amitriptyline group were significantly higher as compared to controls. Systemic administration of amitriptyline may affect the oral environment, including oral microbes and innate immunity in the oral mucosa.