Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant, presents in low concentrations in the urban air, and in higher concentrations in the working environment. In the present study, male Wistar rats were housed in exposure chambers and treated with 14.00 ± 1.53, 28.00 ± 2.12 and 56.00 ± 4.28 mg/m 3 SO 2 for 6 h/day for 7 days, while control rats were exposed to filtered air in the same condition. Highly specific substrates were used as probes of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2). The mRNA levels of CYP1A1 and 1A2 were analyzed in livers and lungs by using a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) assay. Our results showed that the activities and mRNA levels of P450 were decreased in livers and lungs of rats exposed to SO 2. In the liver, a decrease down to 0.68- and 0.64-fold in the CYP1A1 activity, probed by the O-deethylation of ethoxyresorufin (EROD), was observed at higher dose of SO 2 (28 and 56 mg/m 3); Similarly, CYP1A1 mRNA levels were reduced in livers of rats exposed to SO 2 at 28 and 56 mg/m 3. For livers, CYP1A2-mediated methoxyresorufin O-demethylase activity (MROD) was unaltered by SO 2 at low concentrations, except for a significant decrease in the rats exposed to SO 2 at 56 mg/m 3 (0.79-fold); however, SO 2 at higher concentrations significantly decreased levels of CYP1A2 (28 and 56 mg/m 3) ( p < 0.05). Significant inhibition of both EROD and MROD was observed in lungs of rats exposed to SO 2 at 28 and 56 mg/m 3. CYP1A1 activity was repressed 0.62- and 0.53-fold, while CYP1A2 activity was reduced to 0.74- and 0.55-fold in lungs, respectively. SO 2 at higher concentrations (28 and 56 mg/m 3) decreased significantly pulmonary CYP1A1 and 1A2 mRNA levels relative to control animals. Furthermore, the decreases of activities and mRNA levels of these P450 enzymes caused by SO 2 at different concentrations in lungs and livers of rats followed linear dose–response curves. These results lead to the conclusion that SO 2 exposure can reduce CYP1A1 and 1A2 in lungs and livers of rats and ROS and/or cytokines might act as mediators of this effect according to previous studies performed in mice. Reduction of hepatic and pulmonary CYPlAl and lA2 expression during SO 2 exposure may be part of an adaptive response by the liver and lung to minimize cell damage.
Published Version
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