Abstract
Abstract Microalgae are a valuable source of biologically active compounds, e.g. lipids, carbohydrates, and pigments. In recent years, considerable interest has focused on unicellular photoautotrophic Chlorophyta. Green microalgae are characterized by their rapid growth and carbon dioxide binding in photosynthesis. Depending on the type of accumulated molecules (lipids or starch), photosynthetic cells can be used in the production of biodiesel, bioethanol, or biogas. However, low starch and lipid content may be an obstacle for using microalgal biomass as feedstocks for biofuels and bioproducts. Commercial cultivation of microalgae depends on a high content of valuable metabolites accumulated in cells. In this review, we evaluated factors controlling the synthesis and accumulation of lipids and starch, i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus availability and the impact of inorganic carbon, light, and temperature, under photoautotrophic growth conditions. The composition of microalgal biomass can be improved by variou...
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