Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of weather variability on mustard crop at Research Farm of Agromet Research Centre, SKUAST-J, Chatha, Jammu during rabi seasons of 2010- 11 to 2012-13. Treatments were comprised of three sowing dates (9th October, 24th October and 8th November) and two cultivars of mustard (RL-1359 and RSPR-01). The results revealed that days taken tophysiological maturity and yield reduced significantly with delayed sowing. Mustard crop sown on 9th October utilised more thermal, and heat units as compared to 24th October and 8th November sown crops. The shortening of the duration of the crop sown late was due to forced maturity because of higher temperature during reproductive phase of the crop. Heat use efficiency (HUE) was found to be higher for earlier sown crop and it decreased with delay in sowing. Correlation studies indicated that lower night temperature during vegetative phase is favourable and higher day temperature during reproductive phase is not favourable for mustard yield.
Highlights
In Jammu and Kashmir, rapeseed mustard crop is grown on an area of 61000 hectares with an average productivityof 801 kg ha-1 which is quite lower than national average (Anonymous, 2013-14)
Physiological maturity was delayed by 3-4 days when sown under normal conditions (D ) and 6-7 days when sown under late condition (D3) as compared to early sown mustard (D1)
From flower bud initiation stage, it took lesser number of days to reach different phenological stages. This might be due to higher temperature after flower bud initiation stage which fulfilled growing degree days requirement and thermal units of crop for achieving different phenological stages, in lesser days as compared to early sown crop when day and night temperature was lower at later stages
Summary
Field experiments were carried out at the research farm of Agromet Research Centre, Sher-e-Kashmir University ofAgricultural Sciences andTechnologyof Jammu (SKUASTJ), Chatha (32040’ N latitude and 740 58’ E longitude with an altitude of 332 m above mean sea level) in Shiwalik foothills of N-W Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir State. The six treatment combinations of the experiment comprised of three sowing dates viz. Five plants were tagged in each plot and data of plant height and various yield attributes were calculated at harvest to assess their contribution to yield. Seed and stover yield of mustard crop was calculated on net plot basis. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity (morning), relative humidity (evening), rainfall, evaporation and bright sunshine hours were recorded from sowing to harvest of the crop in all three years under study at Agro-meteorological Observatory, Chatha, SKUAST-J and the following agro-meteorological indices were calculated. The different phenological stages of mustard viz., emergence, cotyledon above ground, fifth true leaf exposed, flower bud visible from above, first flower open, lowest pod more than 2 cm long, most seeds green, most seed brown, fully ripened and physiological maturity were observed
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