Effect of sonic and ultrasonic activation on physicochemical properties of root canal sealers.

Fabiane Carneiro Lopes,Bruno Monguilhott Crozeta,Caio Zangirolami,Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva-Sousa,Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa,Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto,Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0556

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of ultrasonic and sonic activation on physicochemical properties of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, ADSeal, GuttaFlow Bioseal, and GuttaFlow 2 sealers. Three experimental groups were formed: no activation (NA), ultrasonic activation (UA), and sonic activation (SA). The sealers were manipulated according to the manufacturers' instructions. A 3-mL syringe was adapted to receive 1 mL of sealer. Activation was performed with a 20/.01 ultrasonic insert (20 s/1W) in the UA group. A size 35.04 sonic tip was used (20 s/10,000 cycles/min-1) in the SA group. The molds for physicochemical analysis were filled and evaluated according to ANSI/ADA specification no. 57: setting time (ST), flow (FL), dimensional change (DC), solubility (SB), and radiopacity (RD). Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's tests (P<0.05). Regarding ST, only AH Plus and GuttaFlow 2 in the NA group met the ANSI/ADA standards. All FL values were greater than 20 mm in diameter, as determined by ANSI/ADA. The tested sealers and protocols did not comply with the ANSI/ADA standards for DC. As for SB, only MTA Fillapex, regardless of the activation protocol, did not follow the ANSI/ADA standards. All of the investigated sealers, regardless of the activation protocol, presented radiographic density higher than 3 mm Al, as proposed by ANSI/ADA. UA and SA promoted changes in the physicochemical properties of the evaluated root canal sealers, mainly in ST and F. Thus, it is important to evaluate the physicochemical properties of endodontic sealers associated with activation techniques prior to clinical application in order to determine whether the properties follow the parameters set by ANSI/ADA, ensuring safety and quality of root canal filling.

Highlights

Root canal system fillings should provide adequate sealing in order to prevent percolation of fluids and reinfection, allowing for the repair of the apical and periapical regions.1,2 The quality of obturations is directly related to the material and the technique employed.2-6Regarding root canal filling techniques, lateral condensation presents some limitations in irregular, flat, and complex root canal systems.3,5-7 A number of sealing techniques have been proposed over the years, including thermomechanical and thermoplastic techniques
It is important to evaluate the physicochemical properties of endodontic sealers associated with activation techniques prior to clinical application in order to determine whether the properties follow the parameters set by ANSI/ADA, ensuring safety and quality of root canal filling
The methodology used to assess the effect of sonic and ultrasonic activation protocols on the physicochemical properties of the sealers was based on ANSI/ADA specification No 57,12 with the modifications proposed by Carvalho-Júnior, et al.16 (2007)

Summary

Introduction

Root canal system fillings should provide adequate sealing in order to prevent percolation of fluids and reinfection, allowing for the repair of the apical and periapical regions. The quality of obturations is directly related to the material and the technique employed.2-6Regarding root canal filling techniques, lateral condensation presents some limitations in irregular, flat, and complex root canal systems. A number of sealing techniques have been proposed over the years, including thermomechanical and thermoplastic techniques. Root canal system fillings should provide adequate sealing in order to prevent percolation of fluids and reinfection, allowing for the repair of the apical and periapical regions.. The quality of obturations is directly related to the material and the technique employed.. Regarding root canal filling techniques, lateral condensation presents some limitations in irregular, flat, and complex root canal systems.. A number of sealing techniques have been proposed over the years, including thermomechanical and thermoplastic techniques. The thermomechanical technique promotes apical and lateral condensation of the filling material against the root canal walls, favoring the homogeneous filling of irregularities and accessory canals.. The thermoplastic technique plasticizes gutta-percha, forming a homogeneous mass compacted towards the apical region, allowing the sealing and filling of the root canal system with more homogeneous distribution of the filling material. The thermomechanical technique promotes apical and lateral condensation of the filling material against the root canal walls, favoring the homogeneous filling of irregularities and accessory canals. On the other hand, the thermoplastic technique plasticizes gutta-percha, forming a homogeneous mass compacted towards the apical region, allowing the sealing and filling of the root canal system with more homogeneous distribution of the filling material.

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Conclusion