Abstract
BackgroundThe mechanism of action of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) on plaque micro-ecology is seldom studied. This study investigated micro-ecological changes in dental plaque on extensive caries of deciduous teeth after topical SDF treatment.MethodsDeciduous teeth with extensive caries freshly removed from school children were collected in clinic. Unstimulated saliva collection and initial plaque sampling were done before tooth extraction, then each caries was topically treated with 38% SDF in vitro. After intervention, each tooth was stored respectively in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Repeated plaque collections were done at 24 h and 1 week post-intervention. Post-intervention micro-ecological changes including microbial diversity, microbial metabolism function as well as species correlations were analyzed and compared after pyrosequencing of the DNA from the plaque sample using Illumina MiSeq platform.ResultsAfter SDF application, microbial diversity decreased (P > 0.05), although not statistically significant. Microbial community composition post-intervention was noticeably different from that of supragingival and pre-intervention plaque as well as saliva. At 1 week post-intervention, the relative content of Pseudomonas, Fusobacterium and Pseudoramibacter were higher than before, while most of the other bacteria were reduced, although the changes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The inter-microbial associations became more complex, much more positive associations among survived bacteria were observed than negative ones. COG function classification diagram showed carbohydrate transportation and metabolic functions in the plaque were significantly reduced at 24 h and 1 week post-intervention.ConclusionsSDF has extensive antimicrobial effect on dental plaque, which may reduce carbohydrate metabolism in dental plaque and help promote new balance of the plaque flora.
Highlights
The mechanism of action of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) on plaque micro-ecology is seldom studied
Previous studies on the working mechanism of SDF in the control of dental caries focused mainly on a few specific cariogenic bacteria [15,16,17,18,19,20], whereas according to the concept of ‘ecological plaque hypothesis’ [21,22,23,24], caries development is due to the loss of micro-ecology
Further a longer follow-up period study with sophisticated control designs which can mimic the real mouth environment or a real mouth situation should be performed to help deepen the knowledge of the dental plaque microsystem. This in vitro study focused on the effect of 38% SDF on the dental plaque micro-system within carious lesions over time
Summary
The mechanism of action of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) on plaque micro-ecology is seldom studied. This study investigated micro-ecological changes in dental plaque on extensive caries of deciduous teeth after topical SDF treatment. Previous studies on the working mechanism of SDF in the control of dental caries focused mainly on a few specific cariogenic bacteria [15,16,17,18,19,20], whereas according to the concept of ‘ecological plaque hypothesis’ [21,22,23,24], caries development is due to the loss of micro-ecology. The effect of SDF on micro-ecology of dental plaque should be further investigated. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of SDF on micro-ecology of carious dental biofilm
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