Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of upper-body high-intensity exercise priming on subsequent leg exercise performance. Specifically, to compare maximal 4000 m cycling performance with upper-body pre-load (MPThigh) and common warm-up (MPTlow). In this case, 15 high-level cyclists (23.3 ± 3.6 years; 181 ± 7 cm; 76.2 ± 10.0 kg; V˙O2max: 65.4 ± 6.7 mL·kg−1·min−1) participated in the study attending three laboratory sessions, completing an incremental test and both experimental protocols. In MPThigh, warm-up was added by a 25 s high-intensity all-out arm crank effort to the traditional 20-min aerobic warm-up. Both 4000 m maximal bouts started with a 12 s all-out start. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration [La) and spirometric data were measured and analyzed. Overall MPThigh time was slower by 5.3 ± 1.2 s (p < 0.05). [La] at the start was 5.5 ± 1.5 mmol·L−1 higher for MPThigh (p < 0.001) reducing anaerobic energy contribution which was higher in MPTlow during the first and third 1000 m split (p < 0.05). Similarly, MPTlow maintained higher total average power during the entire performance (p < 0.05, d = 0.7). Although the MPThigh condition performed less effectively due to decreased anaerobic capacity, pre-load effect may have the potential to enhance performance at longer distances.
Highlights
The aim of the current study was to compare the effect of a usual warm-up compared to a high-intensity arm-crank priming exercise protocol added to the warm-up on 4000 m cycling performance
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Our findings indicate that longer recovery time after the warm-up was highly correlated with better performance in MPThigh condition, opposite was found for MPTlow
Summary
Metabolic conditioning is an emerging trend intended to improve basic warm-up effects. ATP turnover efficiency rises with tissue oxygenation rates, and higher oxygen (O2) concentration allows the possibility to use slow but high-energy density substrates such as fat or intracellular lactate to provide ATP [1]. Exploiting metabolic mechanisms such as priming can provide higher O2 levels, speed up VO2 kinetics, and increase power output and submaximal activation of aerobic mechanisms [2,3]. Higher warm-up intensities have been shown to produce larger priming effects, the selected intensity should not induce fatigue. To optimize performance depends on the warm-up intensity, individual factors and recovery time between the warm-up activity and maximal performance [4,5]
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