Effect of severe periodontitis of maxillary molars on the maxillary sinus and the treatment principles of periodontitis related maxillary sinusitis

Abstract

Maxillary sinus is located in the maxilla bone with the largest volume in all sinuses and is closest to the roots of maxillary posterior teeth, especially the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar. The thickness of the normal maxillary sinus mucosa is about 1 mm. When stimulated or infected, it shows thickening of the mucosa. Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases in human beings, and the complex root anatomy of the maxillary molars aggravates the difficulty of inflammation control. Severe periodontitis of maxillary molars without effective treatment can affect the maxillary sinus, increasing the possibility of the mucosa thickening, and is also one of the reasons for the occurrence of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS). There are many different schemes for the treatment of OMS caused by severe periodontitis of maxillary molars. Extraction of teeth with severe periodontal disease without retention value or successful periodontal treatment can significantly reduce the thickness of maxillary sinus mucosa. For the patients with uncontrollable sinusitis by using drug treatment and eliminating odontogenic causes, or ones with severe symptoms, periodontal treatment and endoscopic sinus surgery can be combined to effectively control the periodontitis related maxillary sinusitis.