Effect of SARS CoV-2 Infection on Periodontal Tissue: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) infection in human respiratory cells. The first spread of this disease first occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the spread of the infection as a global pandemic. People whoWhen the patients are infected experience, mild to moderate clinical symptoms which are characterized bylike an increase in T cell, CD8, and IgM/IgG levels. The occurrence ofWhile severe clinical symptoms reflectshappen, there will be an excessive and uncontrolled increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which has an impacts on the systemic condition systemic and periodontal tissues of affected patients. Objective The aim of this studye research is to describe the impact of SARS CoV-2COVID-19 infection on periodontal tissues. Methods In this study, we searched the NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate databases. The keywords used wereare “coronavirus disease” or “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” with “oral manifestations” and “periodontal,” and we screened the articles using the PRISMA flow diagram. Results Patients with COVID-19 present with a variety of systemic symptoms, as well as manifestations in the periodontal tissues, especially in the gingival area. Conclusion SARS CoV-2 infection can impact periodontal tissues in the form of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, aphthous stomatitis, gingival hyper pigmentation, edema and erythema, lichen planus, and aphthous-like ulcers.