Abstract
Purpose To determine the optimal time interval of repeated intravenous injections of iodixanol in rat model and to identify the injury location and causes of renal damage in vivo. Materials and Methods Rats were randomly divided into Control group, Group 1 with one iodixanol injection, and Group 2 with two iodixanol injections. Group 2 was subdivided into 3 cohorts according to the interval between the first and second iodixanol injections as 1, 3, and 5 days, respectively. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were performed at 1 hour, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 10 days after the application of solutions. Results Compared with Group 1 (7.2%), Group 2 produced a remarkable R2⁎ increment at the inner stripe of the renal outer medulla by 15.37% (P = 0.012), 14.83% (P = 0.046), and 13.53% (P > 0.05), respectively, at 1 hour after repeated injection of iodixanol. The severity of BOLD MRI to detect renal hypoxia was consistent with the expression of HIF-1α and R2⁎ was well correlated with HIF-1α expression (r = 0.704). The acute tubular injury was associated with urinary NGAL and increased significantly at 1 day. Conclusions Repetitive injection of iodixanol within a short time window can induce acute kidney injury, the impact of which on renal damage in rats disappears gradually 3–5 days after the injections.
Highlights
Contrast agents (CMs) have been largely applied in clinical applications, which are required upon the performance of various radiographic imaging modes and complex interventional procedures [1]
R2∗ values showed the least amount of changes in the Control group with respect to the time course, which confirmed the stability of Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI during the acquisition period
The montage image of R2∗ in the kidney of a representative rat was demonstrated in respect to time course over a 10-day period after iodixanol injection using the BOLD sequence
Summary
Contrast agents (CMs) have been largely applied in clinical applications, which are required upon the performance of various radiographic imaging modes and complex interventional procedures [1]. Clinicians encounter risk factors that may lead to Iodinated Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CIAKI) [2]. The patients with recurrent diseases may be required to undergo repetitive injections of contrast agents during examinations. There is a general agreement that the administration of multiple CMs within a short period of time may put the patients at risk [3]. The Contrast Media Safety Committee (CMSC) regards this as a serious matter in clinical practice, and it is of significance to propose the optimal time interval between the procedures that require intravascular CMs injections [2]. There was no previous publishing regarding this health risk
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
