Abstract
In this study, graphene oxides with different functionalization degrees were prepared by a facile one-step hydrothermal reflux method at various reaction temperatures using graphene oxide (GO) as starting material and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) as the modifier. The effects of reaction temperature on structure, appearance and bonding type of the obtained materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that when the reaction temperature was 10–70 °C, the GO reacted with PPD through non-covalent ionic bonds (–COO−H3+N–R) and hydrogen bonds (C–OH…H2N–X). When the reaction temperature reached 90 °C, the GO was functionalized with PPD through covalent bonds of C–N. The crystal structure of products became more ordered and regular, and the interlayer spacing (d value) and surface roughness increased as the temperature increased. Furthermore, the results suggested that PPD was grafted on the surface of GO through covalent bonding by first attacking the carboxyl groups and then the epoxy groups of GO.
Highlights
Graphene is attracting increasing attention in physics, chemistry and material research due to its unique laminar crystal structure [1], high electrical conductivity [2], high thermal conductivity [3], excellent flexibility, and mechanical properties [4,5,6,7]
FGO was synthesized via the reaction between graphene oxide (GO) and PPD through a simple
FGO was synthesized via the reaction between GO and PPD through a simple one-step hydrothermal reflux method
Summary
Graphene is attracting increasing attention in physics, chemistry and material research due to its unique laminar crystal structure [1], high electrical conductivity [2], high thermal conductivity [3], excellent flexibility, and mechanical properties [4,5,6,7]. Shanmugharaj et al [23] used alkylamines with different chain lengths as modifiers and mixed them with GO under ultrasonic conditions at normal temperature, followed by suction filtration during the first reaction stage. They subjected the suspension to vacuum drying treatment to yield functionally modified GO. They detected the formation of ionic, hydrogen, and covalent bonds between aliphatic amine and GO. FGO composites were prepared using a facile one-step hydrothermal reflux method under different reaction temperatures using GO as starting material and PPD as the modifier.
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