Effect of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics on survival, growth, and immune response of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the causative agents of vibriosis which causes mortality and significant economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. Application of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics is an environmentally friendly strategy to control vibriosis and limit the use of antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic diets on survival, growth and immune response of white shrimp. The experiments consisted of 5 treatments and 5 replications. (K-) Without the addition of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics and no challenge test; (K+) Without the addition of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics and challenge test; (P1) Addition of probiotics and challenge test; (P2) Addition of prebiotics and challenge test; (P3) Addition of synbiotics and challenge test. The parameters measured were SGR, FCR, THC, phagocytosis activity, lysozyme activity and SR. The results showed that SGR and FCR with probiotic (4.70±0.29%; 1.53±0.10) and synbiotic (4.60±0.15%; 1.64±0.14) diets were significantly different than K+ and no significant differences between them. The post-challenge results showed that the survival with probiotic (61.33±8.69%), prebiotic (42.67±7.60%) and synbiotic (57.33±10.11%) diets was significantly different than K+ (21.33±11.93%). No significant differences between probiotic and synbiotic diets on survival. Synbiotic diets showed the best immune response post-challenge test with THC (1.59±0.26x106 cells/mL), phagocytosis activity (42.80±6.91%), and lysozyme activity (0.92±0.11 cm) and significantly different than K+. The study concluded that probiotic or synbiotic diets had the best effect on SGR, FCR and survival of white shrimp post V. parahaemolyticus infection. Meanwhile, synbiotic diets showed the best immune response post V. parahaemolyticus infection.