Abstract
BackgroundPlatelets are rich in mediators able to positively affect cell activity in wound healing. Aim of this study was to characterize the effect of different concentrations of human pooled allogeneic platelet lysate on human cells involved in the different phases of wound healing (inflammatory phase, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix secretion and epithelialization). Methodology/Principal FindingsPlatelet lysate effect was studied on endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in terms of viability and proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, tissue repair pathway activation (ERK1/2) and inflammatory response evaluation (NFκB). Results were compared both with basal medium and with a positive control containing serum and growth factors. Platelet lysate induced viability and proliferation at the highest concentrations tested (10% and 20% v/v). Whereas both platelet lysate concentrations increased cell migration, only 20% platelet lysate was able to significantly promote angiogenic activity (p<0.05 vs. control), comparably to the positive control. Both platelet lysate concentrations activated important inflammatory pathways such as ERK1/2 and NFκB with the same early kinetics, whereas the effect was different for later time-points. Conclusion/SignificanceThese data suggest the possibility of using allogeneic platelet lysate as both an alternative to growth factors commonly used for cell culture and as a tool for clinical regenerative application for wound healing.
Highlights
Wound healing is a dynamic process highly dependent on the coordinated functions of inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes, with the ultimate goal of restoring skin integrity [1]
Factors involved in wound healing include platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)
Mean content (± SD) of PDGF-AB, TGF-β1 and VEGF measured by ELISA assay in platelet lysate (PL) samples were respectively 42 ± 9 ng/ml, 64± 5 ng/ml and 740 ± 110 pg/ml
Summary
Wound healing is a dynamic process highly dependent on the coordinated functions of inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes, with the ultimate goal of restoring skin integrity [1]. This process is a complex integration of cascades, which requires multiple cytokines and growth factors for different stimulatory and inhibitory functions to initiate and direct different phases. The limited success and heterogeneous clinical results obtained by the use of single growth factors are probably related to the requirements for multiple signals to achieve a complete regeneration process, assuming that no single exogenous agent can effectively mediate all aspects needed for tissue repair [2]. Aim of this study was to characterize the effect of different concentrations of human pooled allogeneic platelet lysate on human cells involved in the different phases of wound healing (inflammatory phase, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix secretion and epithelialization)
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