Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process with specific phases. Photobiomodulation (PBM) decreases the inflammatory infiltrate, stimulating fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis, and therefore, is indicated for wound healing. Vitamin A is used to reverse the inhibitory effects on wound healing and accelerate the healthy granulation tissue. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of topical vitamin A and PBM (GaAlAs) in inflammatory phase of cutaneous wounds. Forty Wistar male rats were separated into four groups: (1) control (CG); (2) laser group (LG) GaAlAs, 670 nm, 30 mW, energy per point of 0.9 J, radiating by 1 point in 30 s; (3) vitamin A group (VitAG); and (4) laser group plus vitamin A (LG + VitAG). Wounds were surgically made by a punch biopsy with 10 mm of diameter on the back of the animals and all treatments were started according to the experiment. The treatments were administered for four consecutive days and biopsy was performed on day 4. We performed both H&E and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results were compared between groups by one-way analysis of variance ANOVA test with post hoc Tukey (p < 0.05). Inflammatory infiltrate increased significantly in LG compared to CG and VitAG (p < 0.05). Regarding angiogenesis, VEGF expression was increased significantly in LG and LG + VitAG groups, p < 0.01. The results indicate that proposed treatments were effective on the healing process improved by LG and LG + VitAG. We show that laser plus vitamin A enhances healing by reducing the wound area and may have potential application for clinical management of cutaneous wounds.
Highlights
Wound healing is a complex process divided in specific biological events such as inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.The literature shows evidence of mechanisms of action and response for each specific phase [1,2,3]
Neutrophils and macrophages are essential cells that participate in this early phase of the healing process, and are both responsible for tissue phagocytosis in the wounded area; they are able to release specific growth factors that play a role in the subsequent phases [2,3,4]
Histopathological analysis revealed that groups laser group (LG) and LG + vitamin A group (VitAG) present lower amount of inflammatory infiltrate when compared to the remaining groups, especially LG, which characterize a more advanced phase of the healing process
Summary
Wound healing is a complex process divided in specific biological events such as inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.The literature shows evidence of mechanisms of action and response for each specific phase [1,2,3]. It is known that the inflammatory phase follows the trauma and involves vascular responses such as blood coagulation and hemostasis, causing local vasodilation, extravascular blood and fluid leakage, and blockage of lymphatic drainage, evidencing signs of inflammation. Such cellular events include fibrin network formation, which will aid the migration of cells that are essential for phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Neutrophils and macrophages are essential cells that participate in this early phase of the healing process, and are both responsible for tissue phagocytosis in the wounded area; they are able to release specific growth factors that play a role in the subsequent phases [2,3,4]
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