Abstract
An investigation of the variation of hole concentration within the CuO 2 planes using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation in the (Bi 2− x Pb x )Sr 2CaCu 2O y (0⩽ x⩽0.3) series of high- T c superconductors synthesized by solid-state reaction in air is presented. Pb is found to have the valence of +2 in the samples of this series. Moreover, the hole concentration increases with increasing Pb content. The results lead us to conclude that the substitution of Pb 2+ in the Bi 3+ sites of the (Bi,Pb)-2212 system causes the compounds to be in the over-doped state. This effect results in the compounds having a high critical current density.
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