Abstract
This study examines the influence of orientation and hardness of rubber tread blocks on friction under glycerol lubrication, focusing on negative fluid pressure. Measurements of fluid pressure, film thickness, and friction coefficient were conducted at the contact interface. Results showed that when tread blocks aligned parallel to the sliding direction, the friction coefficient increased by 57–191 %, attributed to either reduced film thickness or enlarged real contact area from greater negative fluid pressure. Conversely, with a perpendicular orientation, decreased hardness led to increased friction, due to thinner fluid films from enhanced negative pressure.
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