Abstract
通过盆栽试验, 采用地上部氮挥发研究装置研究施氮量和基追比[对照处理: 不施氮; 传统施氮处理: 施氮量为0.30 g(N)·kg<sup>-1</sup>(土), 基追肥比为7︰3; 优化施氮处理: 施氮量为0.15 g(N)·kg<sup>-1</sup>(土), 基追肥比为3︰7]对烤烟"粤烟97"在旺长期和成熟期地上部氮素挥发的影响。结果表明, 与不施氮处理和传统施氮处理相比, 优化施氮处理显著提高了成熟期烤烟地上部NO的挥发速率; 但是3种施氮处理下成熟期烤烟对NO<sub>2</sub>表现为净吸收, 且平均吸收速率差异不显著。3种施氮处理中, 传统施氮处理无论是旺长期还是成熟期烤烟地上部平均N<sub>2</sub>O挥发损失量最高, 其次是优化施氮处理, 对照处理最小; 传统施氮处理和优化施氮处理成熟期烤烟地上部平均N<sub>2</sub>O挥发损失量分别是旺长期的3.06倍和6.12倍。旺长期3种施氮处理之间烤烟地上部NH<sub>3</sub>挥发没有显著差异; 但成熟期时, 与传统施氮处理相比, 优化施氮处理显著提高了烤烟地上部NH3挥发速率。减少施氮量和优化基追比例可减少旺长期和成熟期烤烟地上部N<sub>2</sub>O挥发, 但增加成熟期NH<sub>3</sub>挥发。上述结果表明, 优化施氮(氮肥后移)尽管促进烤烟中后期氮素吸收, 但也促进了烤烟内源N<sub>2</sub>O形成、排放。因此, 优化施氮(氮肥后移)对抑制烤烟氮素挥发的调控作用不明显。
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