Abstract
To investigate nanoparticle morphology's impact on the performance of composite anion exchange membrane (AEM), one-dimensional quaternized branched polyethyleneimine @multi-walled carbon nanotubes (QBPEI@MWCNTs) and two-dimensional quaternized branched polyethyleneimine @graphene oxide sheets (QBPEI@GO) were prepared and incorporated into quaternized polysulfone (QPSF) matrices to form QQ-x-MWCNTs and QQ-x-GO AEMs. These AEMs exhibited superior mechanical properties due to the flexible QBPEI cross-linking and nanoparticle reinforcement. Moreover, QBPEI facilitated microphase separation and ion cluster formation along the surface of nanoparticles, enhancing OH− transport. As a result, QQ-1.0%-MWCNTs and QQ-0.7%-GO AEMs both showed high ionic conductivity (83.19 mS/cm and 76.14 mS/cm at 80 °C). QQ-x-MWCNTs AEMs displayed higher conductivity than QQ-x-GO AEMs over the entire temperature range (20–80 °C) at the same level of ion exchange capacity. QQ-0.7%-MWCNTs AEM excelled, achieving a peak power density of 102.44 mW/cm2 in an H2/O2 fuel cell (80 °C, 40 % RH), surpassing QQ-0.5%-GO AEM (86.50 mW/cm2). Evidently, one-dimensional MWCNTs are effective for establishing long-range interconnected ion transport channels, making them excellent AEM fillers.
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