Abstract
The present study examined the effect of number family instruction on improving fluency of addition and subtraction facts through the “cover-copy-compare” and a timed trial procedure. Three second-grade students in Japanese public elementary school participated in this study. We used a multiple-probe design across two sets of materials for each student. Throughout the study, we measured the number of correct and incorrect digits in 30 second assessments of addition and subtraction facts and in 30 second assessments of missing numbers. Intervention consisted of teaching the concept of a number family, “cover-copy-compare” for number families, and using reward contingency for beating one’s previous score in 30 second timed trials of missing numbers. The results showed that students improved their fluency of addition and subtraction facts. We discussed the utility of number family instruction to improve fluency of addition and subtraction facts with regrouping.
Highlights
Supporting students with academic difficulties as they master basic academic skills is an important agenda in elementary school education
The present study examined the effect of number family instruction on improving fluency of addition and subtraction facts through the “cover-copycompare” and a timed trial procedure
The results showed that students improved their fluency of addition and subtraction facts
Summary
Supporting students with academic difficulties as they master basic academic skills is an important agenda in elementary school education. Practicing basic academic skills until students reach fluency can contribute to the maintenance and generalization of the acquired skills and to the learning of more complex skills (Binder, 1996; Johnson & Street, 2004). Lin and Kubina (2005) showed that fluency of multiplication facts correlated positively with fluency of complex. Noda (2011) reported that fluency of math facts predicted mathematics achievement in Japanese elementary school students. These findings suggest the importance of fluency training in addition to basic accuracy training in math instruction
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