Effect of neoadjuvant treatment combined with radical gastrectomy on postoperative complications and prognosis of gastric cancer patients

Abstract

Objective To investigate the occurrence of postoperative complications in and factors influencing the prognosis of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods A total of 238 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. There were 194 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and 44 patients who underwent concurrent radiochemotherapy before surgery. The clinical data of patients and the incidence of postoperative complications were collected. Postoperative complications were graded based on the Clavien-Dindo classification. The impact of postoperative complications on the prognosis of patients was analysed. Results (1) The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 17.2% (41/238) among all patients. A total of 49 patients experienced postoperative complications, including 12 cases of grade I, 15 cases of grade II, seven cases of grade IIIa, three cases of grade IIIb, seven cases of grade IV, and four cases of grade V complications. A total of 21 patients experienced severe complications. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, body mass index (BMI), and scope of gastrectomy were independent risk factors for postoperative complications (p < .05). (2) The five-year survival rate for the entire group of patients was 58.4%. The five-year survival rate for the complication group and non-complication group were 31.7% and 51.7%, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=15.41p = .000). Based on the severity of complications, the subgroup analysis indicated that the five-year survival rate for patients with severe postoperative complications was 21.1% and that for patients with non-severe complications was 40.9%; the difference was significant (χ2=21.70, p = .000). (3) Multivariate analysis indicated that age, pathological tumour, node, and metastasis (ypTNM) stages II-III, operation time >3.5 h, total gastrectomy, and postoperative complications were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Postoperative adjuvant therapy was an independent protective factor for patient prognosis (p < .05). Conclusion The incidence of complications in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is closely correlated with patient age and the scope of surgical resection, and the occurrence of severe complications has a significant adverse effect on patient prognosis.