Abstract
Introduction: Nanoporous alumina membranes present a honeycomb-like structure characterized by two main parameters involved in their performance in electrochemical immunosening: pore diameter and pore thickness. Although this first one has been deeply studied, the effect of pore thickness in electrochemical-based nanopore immunosensors has been less taken into consideration. Methods: In this work, the influence of the thickness of nanoporous membranes in the steric blockage is studied for the first time, through the formation of an immunocomplex in their inner walls. Finally, the optimal nanoporous membranes were applied to the detection of catalase, an enzyme related with chronic wound infection and healing. Results: Nanoporous alumina membranes with a fixed pore diameter (60 nm) and variable pore thicknesses (40, 60, 100 μm) have been constructed and evaluated as immunosensing platform for protein detection. Our results show that membranes with a thickness of 40 μm provide a higher sensitivity and lower limit-of-detection (LOD) compared to thicker membranes. This performance is even improved when compared to commercial membranes (with 20 nm pore diameter and 60 μm pore thickness), when applied for human IgG as model analyte. A label-free immunosensor using a monoclonal antibody against anti-catalase was also constructed, allowing the detection of catalase in the range of 50-500 ng/mL and with a LOD of 1.5 ng/mL. The viability of the constructed sensor in real samples was also tested by spiking artificial wound infection solutions, providing recovery values of 110% and 118%. Discussion: The results obtained in this work evidence the key relevance of the nanochannel thickness in the biosensing performance. Such findings will illuminate nanoporous membrane biosensing research, considering thickness as a relevant parameter in electrochemical-based nanoporous membrane sensors.
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