Abstract
In this work, a ternary biopolymer composite was obtained by reinforcing the thermoplastic starch (TPS) with nanocrystalline celluloseNanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC), and nanoligninNanolignin (NL) originated from oil palm empty fruit bunchEmpty Fruit Bunch (EFB) (EFB). The samples were characterized for optical, thermal, mechanical, and water barrier properties. UV-vis spectrometry and contact angle results revealed a synergistic effect between NLNanolignin and NCC in improving transparency, UV light barrier and hydrophobicity of the composites. Furthermore, the ternary films showed better moisture absorbance and swelling performance than the neat and binary films. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the film with 4 wt% of NL and 4 wt% of NCCNanocrystalline Cellulose increased from 40 to 61 °C compared to the neat film. In addition, the tensile strength was found to be approximately 150% higher than the neat film. This work suggested that incorporating NLNanolignin and NCC into the starch compositesStarch Composite could be a promising alternative to current packaging materialPackaging material with improved mechanical strength, thermal stability, water, and UV light barrier performance.
Published Version
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