Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the remaining adhesive interface after debonding orthodontic attachments bonded to bovine teeth with the use of hydrophilic and hydrophobic primers under different dental substrate moisture conditions. Twenty mandibular incisors were divided into four groups (n = 5). In Group I, bracket bonding was performed with Transbond MIP hydrophilic primer and Transbond XT adhesive paste applied to moist substrate, and in Group II a bonding system comprising Transbond XT hydrophobic primer and adhesive paste was applied to moist substrate. Brackets were bonded to the specimens in Groups III and IV using the same adhesive systems, but on dry dental enamel. The images were qualitatively assessed by SEM. The absence of moisture in etched enamel enabled better interaction between bonding materials and the adamantine structure. The hydrophobic primer achieved the worst micromechanical interlocking results when applied to a moist dental structure, whereas the hydrophilic system proved versatile, yielding acceptable results in moist conditions and excellent interaction in the absence of contamination. The authors assert that the best condition for the application of primers to dental enamel occurs in the absence of moisture.
Highlights
MethodsThe sample for this in vitro study consisted of 20 permanent bovine incisors[18] freshly extracted from three-year old heifers or steers confined in slaughterhouses
In Group I, the adhesive interface showed good micromechanical interlocking, developing tags (T) and few gaps (L), indicative of decalcified regions not fully filled with adhesive material, possibly due to the presence of water
These characteristics indicate that Transbond MIP hydrophilic adhesive system had a satisfactory interaction with the enamel, even in the presence of moisture (Fig 6A)
Summary
The sample for this in vitro study consisted of 20 permanent bovine incisors[18] freshly extracted from three-year old heifers or steers confined in slaughterhouses. Cracks were detected in the enamel by transilluminating the buccal surface of the teeth[12] with the aid of a stereomicroscope with 1.2 x magnification. Those teeth which were free from cracks and carious lesions on all surfaces, were selected. In order to render the buccal surfaces more regular, flat and smooth, they were polished for 10 seconds with a rotary polisher (Buehler Ecomet 3) using silicon carbide discs (Buehler) at 150 rpm in decreasing grain size order (320, 600, 800, 1200). Afterwards, the crowns were polished with felt discs (Buehler) Texmet 1000 soaked in 1 μm diamond suspension, followed by 0.3 μm suspension (Fig 1)
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