Abstract
The effect of the jet stream on the changes in the intensity of tropical cyclones (TC) affecting Korea is discussed. We classified the TCs into three categories based on the decreasing rate of TC intensity in 24 h after TC passed 30° N. The TCs with a large intensity decrease had a more vigorous intensity when the TCs approached the mid-latitudes. The analysis of observational fields showed that the strong jet stream over Korea and Japan may intensify TCs by the secondary circulations of jet entrance but induces a large decrease in TC intensity in the mid-latitudes by the strong vertical wind shear. We also performed the numerical simulation for the effect of the jet stream on the intensity changes of Typhoon Chaba (2016). As a result, the stronger jet stream induced more low-level moisture convergence at the south of the jet stream entrance, enhancing the intensity when the TC approached Korea. Furthermore, it induced a rapid reduction in intensity when TC approached in the strong jet stream area. The results suggest that the upper-level jet stream is one of the critical factors modulating the intensity of TC affecting Korea in the vicinity of the mid-latitudes.
Highlights
A tropical cyclone (TC) is a devastating meteorological phenomenon accompanied by a strong gust and heavy rainfalls
We found the possibility that the upper-level jet stream simultaneously modulates the enhancements in TC intensity when they were approaching the Korean Peninsula and the reductions in TC intensity at the mid-latitudes
Most of the TCs affecting Korea described in Kown et al [23], except for TCs weakened to tropical depressions before landfalling on Korea, passed through this box region
Summary
A tropical cyclone (TC) is a devastating meteorological phenomenon accompanied by a strong gust and heavy rainfalls. The regional activity of TCs in the vicinity of the Korean Peninsula is related to the distinct large-scale environments in the mid-latitudes, such as the upper-level jet stream [8,9,13,14]. Some previous studies discussed the role of the mid-latitude jet stream on the TC activity around the Korean Peninsula. The mid-latitude jet stream is significantly related to the TC activities around the Korean Peninsula, such as TC-induced heavy rainfall or the TC’s landfalling intensity. We found the possibility that the upper-level jet stream simultaneously modulates the enhancements in TC intensity when they were approaching the Korean Peninsula and the reductions in TC intensity at the mid-latitudes. We discussed the role of the mid-latitude jet stream on the intensity changes of TCs affecting Korea using observational analysis and numerical simulation.
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