Abstract
The technological developments currently witnessed in the world regarding the utilization of hydrocarbon related products have increasingly brought about all forms of hydrocarbon related environmental pollution. This current review documents the influence of hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms in bringing about biodegradation of spent engine oil and other petroleum related environmental pollution. Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria and fungi when given optimum environmental conditions and nutritional requirements have been documented to bring about effective bioremediation of oil polluted environments. This review has compiled the monumental influence of hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms most especially bacteria and fungi in aiding bioremediation of spent engine oil and other petroleum related environmental pollution. Pseudomonas alcaligenes LR14 (59%), Klebsiella aerogenes CR21 (62%), Klebsiella pneumonia CR23 (58%), Bacillus coagulans CR31 (45%) and Pseudomonas putrefacience CR33 (68%) reportedly exhibited spent engine oil polluted soil degradation rate while Fungi like Aspergillus, Cephalosporium and Pencillium species were also found to be the potential microorganisms responsible for hydrocarbon bioremediation. This current review, equally documents the environmental and nutritional requirements needed by these hydrocarbon oxidizers to accomplish the desired bioremediation process.
Highlights
The dependence on petroleum products for energy sources in the world over has increasingly led to the pollution of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Kvenvolden and Cooper (2003) described petroleum based products as key sources of energy that daily life of humans and industries depend upon and are predominantly gotten from crude oil which is naturally occurring in a liquid state but with multifarious mixture of organic molecules that are mostly hydrocarbons of varied chemical and physical attributes
Spent engine oil which is the focus of this review is derived subsequent to being used and dispensed off from lubricating various internal combustion engines that include all categories of motor vehicles
The two major bioremediation approaches reported by Nilanjana and Preethy (2011) indicate the employment of (a) bioaugmentation in which known oil degraders in the form of microorganisms are seeded or added to assist the indigenous and existing microbial community and (b) biostimulation in which the growth of existing oil degrading microorganisms is enhanced by the addition of nutrients that may be limiting their optimum growth
Summary
The dependence on petroleum products for energy sources in the world over has increasingly led to the pollution of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Kvenvolden and Cooper (2003) described petroleum based products as key sources of energy that daily life of humans and industries depend upon and are predominantly gotten from crude oil which is naturally occurring in a liquid state but with multifarious mixture of organic molecules that are mostly hydrocarbons of varied chemical and physical attributes. Monitoring of Microbial Degradation of Oil: Degradation of spent oil or hydrocarbon pollutants in the aquatic and terrestrial environments using microorganisms is often directly or indirectly associated with the metabolic activities of the degrading microorganisms present and is commonly linked with some changes which provide beneficial information on the degree of biodegradation.
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