Abstract
In this study, lead-free 94Bi0,5Na0,5TiO3-6BaTiO3 (94NBT-6BT) ceramics were fabricated by solid-state synthesis method at ambient atmosphere. Glassy phase and rounded particles in 94NBT-6BT was observed with increasing Mn content. The effects of doping manganese on the ferroelectric properties of 94NBT-6BT bulk ceramics were evaluated. From the XRD results of the calcined powders, peaks were slightly changed to higher 2 theta value while increasing manganese ratio. Multivalence additive Mn ions act as acceptor dopant in 94NBT-6BT structure at ambient atmosphere. Samples were sintered from 1075 ℃ to 1175 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain highest piezoelectric values. SEM results show that glassy phase and rounded particles in 94NBT-6BT was observed with increasing Mn content so, bulk density was enhanced up to 1125C. From the results, 0.3 wt% manganese doped 94NBT-6BT samples have highest electromechanical coupling factor about 0.23, mechanical coupling factor (Qm) 150 and d33 110 pC/N respectively. Further work, 94NBT-6BT and Mn-doped 94NBT-6BT multilayer actuators were manufactured by water-based tape casting technique. The active area was 49 mm2 MLA and was fabricated by using Ag-Pd internal electrode without Pd-Bi reaction at the electrode-ceramic interface. Hysterisis loop measurements of manufactured lead free actuators were done by using Aixacct CMA module. Remnant polarization values of Mn-doped 94NBT-6BT MLA for a layer were higher than 6 µC/cm2.
Highlights
Piezoelectric multilayer ceramics have a wide range of applications from aerospace, medical, satellite to defense, automotive and manufacturing industries [1]
The peaks shift to the higher angle with increasing amount of Manganese
The 8x7x1 mm3 size 0,3wt% Manganese doped and undoped 94NBT-6BT MLAs were fabricated by water-based tape casting technique that is shown in figure 8
Summary
Piezoelectric multilayer ceramics have a wide range of applications from aerospace, medical, satellite to defense, automotive and manufacturing industries [1]. The products used are generally PZT based ceramics [2] Instead of these lead-based products, it is desired to use lead-free products due to RohS standards, and the research goes on about the alternative materials [3]. Generally solvent-based production route has been chosen due to alkali solubility in water for NBT based compositions in tape casting method, Nd-doped BNKLT tapes have been prepared, 7/3 Ag/Pd electrode paste has been applied on to the surface and successfully multilayer sample produced [7]. Manganese doping provides grain growth and decrease in especially leakage current density in 94NBT-6BT composition For this reason, studies are going in this manner [24]. After decision of manganese ratio in 94NBT-6BT composition, waterbased slurry has been prepared, tape casting has been performed and multilayer ceramics produced by using 7/3 Ag/Pd internal electrode to compare with undoped 94NBT6BT multilayer ceramics
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