Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the best ratio of maltodextrin and extract concentration on performance of anti-dysentery granule containing Klutuk banana fruit extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) as an effective antimicrobial to treat dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae and combined with its pseudostem extract to supply potassium needed for supporting dehydration impact caused by dysentery.Methods: The dried fruit and pseudostem of the Klutuk banana plant were each extracted by maceration method. Each granule formula was optimized in different ratio of extract and maltodextrin concentration (1:2 (F1); 1:3 (F2); and 1:4 (F3) respectively. Then, the anti-shigellosis granule were formulated using the wet granulation method and evaluated for 30 d. The appearance of the granule, weight variation, loss on drying value, flowability, granule solubility, disintegration time, pH, and anti-dysentery activity of each formula was observed. The potassium content determination of each granule formula was done using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Results: All formulated granules showed good flow properties and antidysentery activity. Concerning to the solubility, maltodextrin addition showed the increasing solubility of all formulated granule. The F3 achieved the best-improved granule characteristic and had good anti-dysentery effectivity, but had the lowest potassium content (0.362 g/l) among all formulas. The potassium content of F1 and F2 were 0.625 g/l and 0.444 g/l, respectively. Conclusion: Maltodextrin can improve the usefulness of granule that containing the Klutuk banana fruit and its pseudostem extracts in dysentery treatment and the dehydration impact.
Highlights
Dysentery is a common gastrointestinal disorder primarily caused by Shigella dysenteriae but can potentially associate several systemic complications
The characterization of bacillary dysentery is diarrhea mixed with mucus and blood, accompanied by fever, tenesmus and abdominal cramps [2]
The thick extract obtained from the extraction process of 500 g of fruit and pseudostem Klutuk banana was 35.85 g and 16.54 g, respectively
Summary
Dysentery is a common gastrointestinal disorder primarily caused by Shigella dysenteriae but can potentially associate several systemic complications. In children at age under 5 y old, for about 10 % of all diarrhea cases are dysentery, and is reported to cause a higher mortality rate of 15% [3]. This data is synchronized with bacillary dysentery cases in Indonesia that 29% of deaths caused by dysentery occurred at age 1-4 y old [4]. Because of diarrhea in high frequency, patients develop potassium depletion, called hypokalemia. The hypokalemia was signed with general muscular weakness, paralytic ileus and cardiac arrhythmias [5]
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