Effect of major ion variations in the marine environment on the specific gravity-conductivity-chlorinity-salinity relationship

Abstract

Partial equivalent conductances and partial equivalent volumes of the major constituents in seawater were used to evaluate the specific gravity-conductivity-chlorinity-salinity relationships in the marine environment. For example, in the open ocean, the relationships between Cl‰ and both S‰ and specific gravity are valid to within 0.014‰ and 0.014 σ t, respectively. The relationships between conductivity and S‰ and specific gravity are valid to within 0.006‰ and 0.007 σ t. In river diluted nearshore areas specific gravity anomalies inferred from Cl‰, can be as great as 0.06 σ t and 0.04 σ t when inferred from a conductivity ratio measurement.