Po-210 in plankton and fish from coastal waters (gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea)

Abstract

The activity concentrations of Po-210 were determined in seawater (<0.45 μm), suspended particulate matter (0.45–20 μm), fractionated plankton (20–50 μm, 50–200 μm, >200 μm) and tissues from four fish species, namely European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus), Gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) and Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus), collected in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea). The activity concentration of Po-210 in seawater varied from 0.4 to 2.2 mBq/L in the dissolved phase (<0.45 μm) and from 0.4 to 0.8 Bq/L in suspended particulate matter (0.45–20 μm). Plankton fractionation showed the levels of 62–395 Bq/kg Po-210 in the >200 μm mesoplankton fraction, 65–459 Bq/kg in 50–200 μm and 52–537 Bq/kg in 20–50 μm microplankton fractions. No significant differences were found between fractions. The Po-210 distribution trend in fish tissues was in order: liver > stomach with intestine > kidney > spleen > gonads > gills > muscle. Bioaccumulation factors were determined for fish tissues indicating that the amount of Po-210 mostly depends on fish feeding habits. Hence, the main pathway entry of Po-210 is through ingested food. The highest estimated average total annual effective ingestion doses of Po-210 are obtained via the consumption of Common Pandora (7.1 μSv/year to 16.5 μSv/year) while the lowest doses are due to the consumption of European seabass (0.32 μSv/year to 0.76 μSv/year). Comparison with levels reported for other Mediterranean and Atlantic areas showed that only activitiy concentrations of Po-210 in fish appear significantly different, most likely because different fish species were analysed. The human dose exposure via fish consumption in the area is rather low.