Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) may have several beneficial effects on human health outcomes. One hypothesized mechanism eliciting such effects is the action of Mg on serum inflammatory parameters. However, studies on this topic to date have several important limitations. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current state of the art of all randomized control trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of Mg supplementation versus placebo on serum parameters of inflammation. We searched several databases until 23 November 2021 for RCTs. Eligible studies were RCTs investigating the effect of oral Mg supplementation vs. placebo and having serum inflammatory markers as an outcome. Among 2484 papers initially screened, 17 randomized controlled trials (889 participants; mean age: 46 years; females: 62.5%) were included. Generally, a low risk of bias was present. In meta-analysis, Mg supplementation significantly decreased serum C reactive protein (CRP) and increased nitric oxide (NO) levels. In descriptive findings, Mg supplementation significantly reduced plasma fibrinogen, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5, tumor necrosis factor-ligand superfamily member 13B, ST2 protein, and IL-1. In conclusion, Mg supplementation may significantly reduce different human inflammatory markers, in particular serum CRP and NO levels.
Highlights
The literature regarding the health benefits of magnesium (Mg) is exponentially increasing [1]
It should be acknowledged that several papers have reported that Mg has positive effects on medical events likely owing to improving inflammatory parameters [13,14,15]
One observational study reported an inverse relationship between dietary magnesium intake and inflammatory parameter levels in people affected by obesity [13]
Summary
The literature regarding the health benefits of magnesium (Mg) is exponentially increasing [1]. In an umbrella review with 16 meta-analyses and 50 independent outcomes findings suggested that Mg is associated with several positive health outcomes [1]. It should be acknowledged that several papers have reported that Mg has positive effects on medical events likely owing to improving inflammatory parameters [13,14,15]. One observational study reported an inverse relationship between dietary magnesium intake and inflammatory parameter levels (in particular C-reactive protein, CRP) in people affected by obesity [13]. Two meta-analyses have shown that Mg supplementation can have differing effects on some indices of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indexes, 4.0/)
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